Christopher Cooper, The Truth About Tesla: The Myth of the Lone Genius in the History of Innovation, Race Point Publishing, 2015, pp. Christopher Cooper, The Truth About Tesla: The Myth of the Lone Genius in the History of Innovation, Race Point Publishing, 2015, p. Marc J. Seifer, Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius, Citadel Press - 1996, p. W. Bernard Carlson, Tesla: Inventor of the Electrical Age, Princeton University Press - 2013, p. John, Richard R. Network Nation: Inventing American Telecommunications (Harvard University Press; 2010) 520 pages; the evolution of American telegraph and telephone networks. Princeton University Press. p. Norway and Sweden also use this frequency but use conversion from the 50 Hz public supply; Sweden has a 16 2/3 Hz traction grid but only for part of the system. BS 1363 plugs and sockets are rated for use at a maximum of 250 V ac and 13 A, with the exception of non-rewirable plugs which have a current rating according to the type of cable connected to them and the fuse fitted. A maximum current that the fuse can continuously conduct without interrupting the circuit. Wiring regulations usually define a maximum fuse current rating for particular circuits.

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) is used to transmit large amounts of power over long distances or for interconnections between asynchronous grids. True power is dissipated as heat in the resistance components of a load. The load would be designed to be fed on single, double or three phase supplies. Lighting and general purpose receptacles are at 120 volts AC, with larger devices fed by three wire single-phase circuits at 240 volts. Nelson A. Miles, Personal Recollections and Observations of General Nelson A. Miles, vol. Solymar, Laszlo. The Effect of the Telegraph on Law and Order, War, Diplomacy, and Power Politics Archived 16 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine in Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Vol. Ronnie J. Phillips, "Digital technology and institutional change from the gilded age to modern times: The impact of the telegraph and the internet" Archived 8 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Journal of Economic Issues, vol. Gorman, Mel. "Sir William O'Shaughnessy, Lord Dalhousie, and the establishment of the telegraph system in India." Technology and Culture 12.4 (1971): 581-601 online Archived 21 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Archived 26 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Britain intercepted these signals, diagnosed how the encrypting machine worked, and decrypted a large amount of teleprinter traffic.

At higher voltages, where more than 2,000 kV exists between conductor and ground, corona discharge losses are so large that they can offset the lower resistive losses in the line conductors. Breguet recommended the use of reduced-section conductors to protect telegraph stations from lightning strikes; by melting, the smaller wires would protect apparatus and wiring inside the building. This ensures that nothing can be inserted alongside a pin when the plug is in use and helps keep fingers away from the pins. Where the regulatory structure permits, the utility can sell capacity in extra dark fibers to a common carrier. Thus, multiple parallel cables (called bundle conductors) are used for higher capacity. Bundle conductors are used at high voltages to reduce energy loss caused by corona discharge. The optimum size of a conductor for a given voltage and current can be estimated by Kelvin's law for conductor size, which states that size is optimal when the annual cost of energy wasted in resistance is equal to the annual capital charges of providing the conductor. Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute - Volume 78 - p. September 1995: BS 1363-3:1995 "13 A plugs socket-outlets adaptors and connection units - Part 3: Specification for adaptors" published.

A fuse was patented by Thomas Edison in 1890 as part of his electric distribution system. These served for switching the electric current. A phone needs low voltage and a higher current for charging, so a Tesla coil wouldn't be appropriate for the task. So high resistance loads will take little current whereas low resistance loads will take more current. The time and current operating characteristics of fuses are chosen to provide adequate protection without needless interruption. Special current-limiting fuses are applied ahead of some molded-case breakers to protect the breakers in low-voltage power circuits with high short-circuit levels. Circuit breakers can be used as an alternative to fuses, but have significantly different characteristics. Today there are thousands of different fuse designs which have specific current and voltage ratings, breaking capacity, and response times, depending on the application. Once current exceeds the rating of the fuse, the fuse will blow. Its essential component is a metal wire or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, thereby stopping or interrupting the current. Thank you very much. And since conductance is proportional to cross-sectional area, resistive power loss is only reduced proportionally with increasing cross-sectional area, providing a much smaller benefit than the squared reduction provided by multiplying the voltage.

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