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It's proxy or proxy server. proxy or proxy server, is a server software program that acts as an intermediary between the server and the client via the internet. With no intermediaries, a customer could send a request or resource to the server directly, and the server would then serve the requested resource directly to the client. Although this is a simple process to understand and apply using proxy servers, it could provide benefits in terms of more performance, privacy, security, and more. As a pass-through layer, the proxy serves as a guardian of the internet between the servers and clients.




In general, the system of hardware for servers and software used to set up proxy installations is commonly referred to in the context of proxy servers. In this post, we'll focus on proxies typically understood as software, and the ones used together with web servers. We will provide a description of the two main types of proxies: forward proxy and a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the naming conventions that are similar.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxy servers and their subtypes are and what they can accomplish for common setups. Through this article, you will be able to identify the scenarios where an effective proxy is beneficial, and choose the correct solution in between forward and reverse proxy options for each scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Also a forward proxy or open proxy open proxy is the client's representative who is trying to transmit requests via the internet to a server that originated. In this scenario the entire request to send it from the client will be handled by the forward proxy. In this case, this forward-proxy acting the place of the client will look over the request. The first step is to establish whether the client is authorized to make requests to this particular forward proxy. It will then reject this request, and then forward it to the original server. The client is not able to connect directly to the internet. It is only able to access what the forward proxy allows the client access.




One of the most frequent reasons for forward proxy is greater privacy or anonymity online. Forward proxy can be used to connect to the internet in place of a client and, in doing so, could use an alternate IP address in place of the original IP address of the client.




Based on the way it was configured in the past forward proxy servers are able to offer a range of services and permit you to:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your geolocation.




Forward proxies are also used for security systems that are centralized and have permission-based access for instance, at work. When all internet traffic goes through a common forward proxy, an administrator is able to allow access only to specific users to the internet, which is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer which could comprise a range of computers with different user and environment the firewall could be placed at an forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxies must be manually set up to function, but reverse proxies are ignored in the eyes of the customer. Based on whether or not the address IP of a customer is transmitted to the origin server through the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted, or left unnoticed.




There are a variety of options to look into to find forward-looking proxy services:




Apache is a well-known open source web server that provides forward-looking proxy features.


Nginx: Another popular open-source web hosting server that has forward proxy functions.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. This does not include the entire web server. There is a video tutorial on how to install Squid proxy to allow private connections to Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP, making it more suited to cases like peer-to peer traffic. It is also possible to look at how to configure a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is an agent for a web server, handling incoming requests by clients on behalf of. The web server could comprise a single server, or a number of servers. It could also serve in the role of an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, the request may come from a user via the internet at large. In the majority of cases, this request will go straight to the web server hosting the services the customer is in need of. Reverse proxy is an intermediary, separating Web server from direct interaction with the internet.




From a client's viewpoint, which is a user's viewpoint connecting to reverse proxy isn't that different from connecting directly to your website server. It's the same thing but the client can't discern the difference. The customer requests an item, and it is delivered without any additional configuration that needs to be completed by the client.




Reverse proxy proxies can provide features, like:




A central layer of security that protects the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules you can create.


A new feature for caching has been added.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxies provide this service to this layer of the internet server and not to that layer of the internet server, which is called client. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls on the layer of web servers, which might contain several servers with different configurations, the bulk of firewall security can be targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the necessity of interfacing with a firewall as well as interacting with the requests of clients from web servers enables them to concentrate on the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers using reverse proxy the reverse proxy handles the method of routing requests to which server. A number of web servers could be offering the same content however, they each serve different kinds of content or a mix of them. They may be using the HTTP protocol similar to a traditional web server, however they might also use applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You may also set up reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers depending on the resource requested, or to observe specific rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also make use of their position in front of web servers by providing caching capabilities. Large static files may be managed using caching rules to prevent the server from getting hit on each request, with certain solutions providing the option of providing static files directly, without involving the servers in any manner. Furthermore reverse proxy may manage the compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server has become a well-known reverse proxy solution. Although it is true that the Apache website server equipped with reverse proxy feature as an added choice for Apache in contrast to Nginx was designed initially for and focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" along with "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and a false comparison to "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic. These labels are confusing because each type of proxy handles the flow of requests as well as responses. Instead, a better way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy services is to consider the needs of the app you're developing.




Reverse proxy can be useful in the design of a solution that can provide web-based applications on the internet. They are your web servers throughout all interactions on the web.




A forward proxy can be helpful when it is placed on the internet in front of traffic from clients for your personal use or in a work environment. They are a representation of your traffic when you use the internet.




Differentiating by use case as opposed to focusing only on the common naming conventions will help in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article describes what a proxy is, with the two major types, namely the reverse and forward proxy. Examples of practical applications as well as an analysis of the most useful attributes were used to determine forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how to implement proxies you can check out our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy on Apache on the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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